Carbureter.



F. SOH-ON.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.14,1913.

1,134,021 Patented Mar. 30, 1915.

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P. SOHON.

GARBURETBR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14, 1913.

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FREDERICK SOHON, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

CARBUBETER.

Application filed November 14, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK SOI-ION, a citizen of the United States, residing at lVashington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carburetors; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will en able others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines but more particularly to a carbureting device therefor, and the invention has for its object to provide a simple and efficient carbureter for internal combustion engines so constructed and arranged that the fuel oil is, upon the suction stroke of the motor, relieved of aportion of atmospheric pressure in such manner that the fuel oil so relieved will be instantly volatilized, thus producing an absolute carburetion of the air passing to the motor.

A further object of the invention is to provide a carbureter in which the fuel is relieved of a portion of the atmospheric pressure to instantly volatilize the same an in which the volatilized fuel is aspirated by the incoming air and drawn therewith into the combustion chamber of the motor to which the carbureter is applied.

A further object of the invention is to provide a carbureter in which the fuel oil is relieved of a portion of atmospheric pressure to instantly volatilize the same and in which the proportion'of said volatilized fuel and air can be readily adjusted in order to provide the proper proportion of gas and air passing to the motor.

With this and other objects in View the invention consists in the novel construction of the carbureter and particularly in the arrangement of a chamber for the fuel oil so arranged and constructed that upon the passage of atmospheric air through the carbureter the fuel oil in said chamber is relieved of a portion of atmospheric pressure so that the desired amount of said fuel oil is instantly volatilized.

lfhe invention further consists in the construction and arrangement of a carbureter as just defined in which the atmospheric air Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 30, 1915.

Serial No. 800,957.

passing through the carbureter aspirates the volatilized gas causing it to commingle with the incoming air and to be led to the motor in a thoroughly mixed and gaseous condition.

The invention further consists in certain other novel details of construction and in combinations of parts, all of which will be first fully described and afterward specifically pointed out in the appended claims. Referring to the accompanying drawing-Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through a carbureter constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a modified embodiment of the carbureter.

Like numerals of reference indicate the same parts throughout the two figures in which 1 indicates the carbureter having the usual inlet connection 2, float controlled valve 3, float 4, float chamber 5 and air inlet 6, the design, construction and arrangement of the parts just referred to being immaterial as far as this invention is concerned.

Referring to the construction embodying this invention it will be seen from reference to Fig. 1 that a nipple 7 is arranged centrally of the float chamber, the same having an aperture 8 through which the fuel oil 9 within the float chamber passes to the interior 10 of the said nipple 7. A valve 11. having a threaded stem 12 regulates the flow of fuel oil through the aperture 13 in the top of the nipple 7, said valve controlled aperture 13 communicating with a transverse passage l in the nipple 7 the upper portion 15 of which forms the stem for the mushroom element 16 which will hereinafter be termed a hood. The stem 15 supporting the hood 16 is reduced as shown to provide an annular chamber 17 surrounding the stem 15 for the reception of the fuel oil, which chamber 17 is open at its top and communicates with a volatilizing chamber 18 directly under the hood 16, the top or covering 19 of the float chamber being provided with a vent 20 for the float chamber.

Centrally of the mushroom stem 15 is an opening 21 which receives the stem 22 of the mixture regulating element 23 which will hereinafter be termed the mixture adjusting hood, said mixture adjusting hood 23 being provided with a plurality of openings 24 as is clearly shown in the accompanying drawings, a coil spring 25. being arranged under the stem 22 to maintain said mixture adj ust ing hood in an elevated position.

As will appear from the accompanyingdrawings the hood 16 above the volatilizing chamber 18 has its edge depressed at 26 in order to. provide a narrow annular opening 27 between the periphery of the hood and the upper surface of the top or cap1'9 of the float chamber; while it will be seen that the mixture adjusting hood 23. is provided With a depending flange 281 and an intermediate depressed portion 29 which coincides With thedepressed edge 26 of the hood l6.

Arranged above the mixture regulating hood 23 is a cam 30 in engagement'therewith said cam being connected. to an arm 31 shown in dotted lines in the drawings. by means of which the mixture regulating hood- 23 can be raised or lowered in the manner as illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 2. When the said hood is in its lowermost position the depressed portion 29 thereof engages the depressed' edge 26 of the'hood 16 and closes communication between the air intake opening 6 of the carbureter and the openings 24: in the mixture regulating hood 23; while when the mixture regulating hood 23 is in its uppermost position all air entering the intake- 6 must pass through the openings 24 in the mixture regulatinghood- 23 as will be perfectly apparent from an inspection of Fig. 2, the saidmixture regulating hood 23 being shown in dotted lines in its lowermost position and also shown in dotted lines in its uppermost position. A butterfly valve 32 of usual type is arranged the carbureter for the usual purposes.

Referring now particularly to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the construction herein described difiers slightly from that illustrated in Fig. 1 in that the volatilizing chamber 18 is in direct communication with the float chamber of the carbureter, the said float chamber of the carbureter shown in Fig. 2 not being vented for a purpose which will be hereinafter fully described. Aside from this modification the material features of the device are the same in both constructions.

In order to bring about the result obtained by applicant and particularly the aspiration of gaseous fuel from the volatilizing chamber- 18 it is essential that the annular opening 27 while relatively narrow should be sufficiently large to enable egress of the vola-' tilized fuel through the same and into the surrounding air passage in sufficient quantity to produce the properexpl-osive mixture. By reason of this construction and of the construction of the volatilizing chamber, which isclosed to the atmosphere except at the fuel supply opening and at the aspirating opening, a sufficient quantity of vapori'zed fuel which can be varied at the will of the operator can be drawn out of the volaized in the surrounding tilizing chamberto be mixed inthe surrounding air passage to provide an explosive mixture. A few small perforations would not be sufiicientto permit the egress of a sufficient quantity of vaporized fuel to produce a proper explosive mixture, although they would allow a suflicient quantity of liquid fuel to pass therethrough to be vaporair passage or to be carried into the engine manifold by the incoming air in a liquid condition, as a spray. Therefore, on account of the volume of vapor necessary in a proper explosive mixture and the fractional time in which it mustbe secured from the carburetor, a. decided advance in the art is made by having this vaporizing chamber closed, except as specified, and with. an aspirating opening of ample area to. pass the required amount of gaseous fuel in a carburetor which is to deliver its fuel in a gaseous form asdistinguished from carbureterswhich deliver it as 'a spray.

, In the: action of this carbureter as in. all simple carbureters the pressure within the carbureter and in the present instance the pressure. in the air volatilizing chamber is. less than atmospheric, the reduction of pressure depending upon the capacity of the surrounding air passage and the piston speed of the motor. By the construction of applicants volatiliz ing chamber which is closed to the atmosphere to prevent. ingress of air thereto, a pressure is produced in said volatilizing chamber which is lower than the reduced pressure in the surrounding air passage. So long as a pressure. is produced in the volatilizing chamber which is lower than the pressure in the surrounding air passage and so long as there are no openings or leaks in the volatilizing chamber communicating with the atmosphere except the openings be. fore noted no liquid can bev drawn from a chamber maintained at a'lower pressure than the surrounding air passage. in order that fuel in liquid form be drawn out of a cham ber it is quite essential that the pressure in the surrounding air passage be not higher than the pressure in the chamber, as liquid will not normally flow against. air pressure. In order therefore to obtain a supply of liquid fuel from a chamber into a ing air passage it is quite necessary that the chamber be so constructed as to admit atmospheric air for the purpose of relieving the sub pressure or entraining the liquid or it is necessary that the liquid be fed to the chamber by gravity or other pressure, so as to provide and compensate for the reduced pressure within the chamber.

It is applicants intention to prevent the egress of fuel in liquid form from the vola-' passage surrounding the surroundguard against an issue of liquid fuel from the volatilizing chamber. In applicants arrangement the reduced pressure within the closed volatilizing chamber causes the liquid fuel to be retained and readily volatilized to compensate for the said reduced pressure in the volatilizing chamber, and as said fuel in its volatilized form greatly increases its volume the said fuel in its volatilized form is in turn aspirated out of the aspirating opening into the surrounding air passage, which aspirating opening as before noted must be of sufiicient capacity to allow a sufficient volume of volatilized fuel to pass therethrough into the surrounding air passage.

Having thus fully described the several parts of this invention its operation is as follows: The fuel oil being led to the float chamber, the level of which is regulated by the float commanded valve 3, air is drawn in through the air intake 6 and passes upwardly through the carbureter. According to the position of the mixture regulating hood 23 more or less of the air is caused to pass under the mixture regulating hood 23 and to pass through the openings 24 therein. According to the position of the cam 30 and the mixture regulating hood 23 either the entire amount of air can be caused to pass under the mixture regulating hood 23 and through the apertures 24 therein, or when the said hood is in its depressed position the entire amount of air passes on the outside and around the edges of the mixture regulating hood 23 so that no part or portion thereof will pass under the said hood and through the said openings 24 therein. Assuming for the purpose of this specification that the position of the mixture regulating hood 23 is correct for a given mixture, as shown in full lines in the two figures, it will be seen that a portion of the air entering the air intake 6 passes under the mixture regulating hood 23 and through the openings 24 therein, While a portion of the said air passes around the outside of the mixture regulating hood 23 commingling with the air passing through the openings 24 above said openings and the said mixture passing thence to the motor. As the air passes under the mixture regulating hood 23 on its way to the openings 24: therein it rushes at high velocity past the narrow annular opening 27 between the aspirating hood 16 and the edge of the cover 19 for the float chamber, the velocity being dependent on the volume of air allowed to pass under the mixture regulating hood 23. This passage of the air past this narrow opening produces an absolute aspirating effect which draws the air from within the chamber 18 thereby lowering the pressure within said chamber and causing the contents therein to bemaintained at less than atmospheric pressure according to the velocity of air past the annular opening 27. Volatile fuel oil within the chamber 29 in Fig. 1 and within the float chamber in Fig. 2 being thus relieved of atmospheric pressure will be instantly volatilized in pro portion as its surface pressure is relieved and will be aspirated out of the chamber 18 through the narrow annular opening 27 in a perfect gaseous condition. The air then passing by the narrow annular opening 27 picks up the volatilized gas and carries it through the openings 24: in the mixture regulating hood. At the same time the air is passing through said openings 24: a portion of the air entering the carbureter is passing around the outside of the mixture regulating hood 23 and meeting the carbureted air above the openings 24 in the mixture regulating hood 23 the atmospheric air and carbureted air commingle and are thence carried to the motor.

Y It will be perfectly apparent from an inspection of the accompanying drawings that the quantity of air which passes by the narrow annular opening 27 under the hood 16 is controlled by the position of the mixture regulating hood 23 to such an extent that either the entire quantity of air can be caused to pass by the narrow annular opening 26 or all of the air can be caused to pass around and over the mixture regulating hood 23. By means of the cam 30 the mixture regulating hood 23 can be adjusted so as to cause any desired quantity of the air to be carbureted and to be mixed with the atmospheric air passing around the outside of the mixture regulating hood 23. By means of this construction an absolutely perfect mixture of air and gas can be effected.

Referring again to the indicated position of the hood 23 as being correct for a predetermined mixture it will be apparent that as the engine speed increases the velocity of the air through the carbureter past the annular aspirating crack 27 will be increased, thus increasing the degree of vacuum within the volatilizing chamber 18 which increase of vacuum within the volatilizing chamber 18 is not in mathematical ratio with the said increase in air velocity past the aspirating crack or opening 27, consequently the tendency to over feed at high engine speeds is corrected, the needle valve and the aspirating opening being so proportioned to the motor piston displacement as to secure this proper mixture.

It will be understood that the salient feature of this invention is the construction of the device in such manner that the vapor in the volatilizing chamber is drawn out of the chamber by aspiration through the aspirating opening faster than the fuel can replace the vapor so aspirated, thus producing a partial vacuum in the said aspirating chamber which is sustained as long as the motor is in operation to constantly volatilize. the fuel in the said volatilizing chamber.

It is quite essential to, the proper operation of this device that the volatili ing L chamber 18 ,has no communication with the side thereof, as would of course obtain if the liquid fuel were drawn out of the aspirating chamber through fuel openings provided for that purpose. If a chamber be provided for receiving a fuel-supply and said chamber is in communication with the atmosphere or atmospheric pressure at points other than the fuel supply opening and aspirating opening, then it, will be impossible to maintain a reduced, pressure within the said chamber sufficient to thoroughly volatilize the liquid fuel, and consequently no complete volatilizing of-the fuel; Will occur within the same. o it is therefore essential to this device that the volatilizing chamber be so constructed and arranged that it is closed to atmospheric pressure at all points other than the fuel supply opening and the aspirating opening, otherwise a draft of air will beset up and maintained within the volatilizing chamber, sufficient to cause liquid fuel to be drawn therewith out of the aspirating opening or openings.

While I have shown two embodiments of this invention in the accompanying drawings it is of course apparent to those skilled in the art that certain changes, alterations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims, as it is only essential to this vinvention thata chamber be provided in which the fuel oil is relieved of a portion of atmospheric pressure in order to instantly volatilize the same and to provide further means for mixing this vapor with atmospheric air passing into the carbureter.

Having thus fully described the invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is I 1. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, comprising a volatilizing chamber, having; an aspirating opening, an air passage in communication with said chamber by means of said aspirating opening to. cause an aspirating effect at said aspirating opening to form a partial vacuum within said chamber, said aspirating opening being sufliciently large to permit egress'of a suflicient quantity of fuel in volatilized formto pass therethrough into the said air passage to produce an explosive mixture, and means for maintaining a supply offuel 011 in com- 1 munication with said chamber in such man-V ner; that the partial vacuum formed in said chamber will volatilize said fuel oil, said chamber being open to the atmosphere only at the fuel supply opening and at the aspirating opening and means for regulating the extent of partial vacuum in said oham-' ber.

2. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, comprising a 'volatilizing chamber, having an aspirating opening, an air passage in; communication with said chamber by means of said aspirating opening to cause an aspirating effect at said aspirating opening to; form a partial vacuuniwithin said chamber, said aspirating opening being sufficiently large to permit egress of a sufficient quantity of fuel'in volatilized form to pass therethrough into the said airpassage to produce an explosive mixture, and, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil. in communication with said chamber in such manner that the partial vacuum formed in said chamber will volatilize said fuel oil, said chamber being open to, the atmosphereonly at the fuel supply opening and at the aspirating opening, a throttle for regulating the amount of explosive. mixture passing from the, carbureter and means for regulating the extent of partial vacuum in said chamber irrespective of the throttle and for admitting a supply ofatmospheric air to said volatilized fuel to provide an explosive mixture substantially as described.

3. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, comprising a chamber, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil in communication; with said chamber, said chamberbeing provided with an aspiratingopening, means; for causing an aspirating action at said opening to produce a partial vacuum within said chamber to volatilize the fuel oil in said chamber, a throttle for regulating the quantity of mixture passing from said carbureter and means for regulating the extent of partial vacuum in said chamber irrespective of the said throttle.

LA carbureter comprising a chamber having a narrow opening, an air passage in 7 communication with said narrow opening of said chamber through whichair passage air is adapted to pass at high velocity to cause an aspirating action at said narrow opening of said chamber to produce a partial vacuum therein, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil in communication with said chamber in such manner that the said fuel oil is volatilized and aspirated from said chamber through the said narrow opening therein, a mixture regulating hood associated with said chamber and adjustable in relation thereto to regulate the velocity of air in said air passage at said narrow opening of said chamber."

5. A carbureter comprising a chamber having a. narrow opening, an air passage in communication with said narrow opening of said chamber through which air passage air is adapted to pass at high velocity to cause an aspirating action at said narrow opening of said chamber to produce a partial vacuum therein, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil in communication with said chamber in such manner that the said fuel oil is volatilized and aspirated from said chamber through the said narrow opening therein, means associated with said chamber and adjustable in relation thereto to regulate the velocity of air in said air passage at said narrow opening of said chamber, and for admitting a supply of atmospheric air to mix with the volatilized fuel in said air passage, substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

6. A carbureter comprising a chamber having a narrow opening, an air passage in communication with said narrow opening of said chamber, through which air passage air is adapted to pass at high velocity to cause an aspirating action at said narrow opening of said chamber to produce a partial vacuum therein, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil in communication with said chamber in such manner that the said fuel oil is volatilized therein to be aspirated from said chamber through the said opening therein, a throttle for controlling the quantity of air and gas passing from said carbureter, and means associated with said chamber to regulate the velocity of air in said air passage at said narrow opening of said chamber irrespective of the bottle position substantially as described.

7. A carbureter comprising a chamber having a narrow opening, an air passage in communication with said narrow opening of said chamber through which air passage air is adapted to pass at high velocity to cause an aspirating action at said narrow opening of said chamber to produce a partial vacuum therein, means for maintaining a supply of fuel oil in communication with said chamber in such manner that the said fuel is volatilized therein to be aspirated from said chamher through the said opening therein, a throttle for controlling the quantity of air and gas passing from said carbureter, and means associated with said chamber to regulate the velocity of air in said air passage of said narrow opening of said chamber irrespective of the throttle position and for admitting a supply of atmospheric air to mix with the volatilized fuel substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

8. A carbureter including a casing, a vol- Copies of this patent may be obtained for atilizing chamber fixed in relation to said casing, a fuel oil supply in communication with said volatilizing chamber, an air passage in communication with said chamber, a throttle, means for regulating the extent of partial vacuum in said volatilizing chamber irrespective of the said throttle, said volatilizing chamber having an aspirating opening therein large enough to permit a sufiicient quantity of volatilized fuel to pass from said chamber into said air passage to produce a combustible mixture substantially as described.

9. A carbureter including a casing, a volatilizing chamber therein and spaced from said casing to provide an air passage, said chamber being provided with an aspirating opening in communication with said air passage, and means for dividing said air passage to control the quantity and velocity of air at said aspirating opening substantially as described.

10. A carbureter including a casing, a volatilizing chamber therein and spaced from said casing to provide an air passage, said chamber being provided with an aspirating opening in communication with said air passage and means for dividing said air passage to control the quantity and velocity of air at said aspirating opening and for closing off either of the branches of said divided air passage.

11. A carbureter including a casing, a volatilizing chamber therein, a fuel oil supply to said chamber, an air passage, said chamber being provided with an aspirating opening in communication with said air passage, means for dividing said air passage and for regulating the quantity and velocity of air at said aspirating opening to control the extent of partial vacuum within said chamber.

12. A carbureter including a casing, a volatilizing chamber, a fuel oil supply to said chamber, said chamber being provided with an aspirating opening, an air passage in communication with said aspirating opening, a throttle, means for controlling the velocity of air in said air passage at said aspirating opening and for regulating the extent of partial vacuum in said chamber irrespective of the said throttle.

In testimony whereof, I a'liix my signature, in presence of two wltnesses.

FREDERICK SOHON.

Witnesses G. HUGH DUFFY, EDWIN L. FRANZONI.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. G.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,13%,021, granted March 30 1915, upon the application of Frederick Sohon, of Washington, District of Columbia, for an improvement in Carbureters, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 5, line 36, for the Word bottle read throttle; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of April, A. D., 1915.

J. T. NEWTON,

[SEAL] Acting Commissioner 0 7 Patents. 

